Greenwashing
ESG & GovernanceOverstating or misrepresenting environmental credentials, in marketing, labels, or disclosures, without matching substance.
Why it matters
As money chases sustainability, the incentive to appear green exceeds the incentive to be green. Cross-checking claims against audited numbers is the analyst's defence.
Indian example
Related terms
Learn the concept
ESG Fundamentals →From the research
What Three Years of a Cash Flow Statement Reveals That One Year Hides
A single year of cash flow is a snapshot. Three years is a story. Learn what the trend reveals about earnings quality, funding, and sustainability.
ValuationComparing Two Companies on ROE, and Why the Higher One Is Not Always Better
Two companies can report the same ROE for very different reasons. DuPont analysis shows why an ROE built on leverage is not the same as one built on quality.
ValuationWhat a High P/E Actually Implies, and When It Is a Trap
A high P/E is not simply 'expensive'. It is the market pricing in expectations. Learn how to read what a P/E implies, and the two traps that catch beginners.