Fiscal Deficit

    Macroeconomics

    The gap between government spending and its revenues, financed by borrowing. Expressed as a percentage of GDP in the Union Budget.

    Formula

    Fiscal Deficit = Total Expenditure - Total Receipts (excluding borrowings)

    Why it matters

    Larger deficits mean more government bond supply, which pressures yields upward and can crowd out private borrowing.

    Indian example

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