NPA

    Non-Performing Asset

    Credit & Debt

    A loan on which interest or principal has remained overdue for more than 90 days. Banks must classify such loans separately and provide against expected losses.

    Formula

    Gross NPA Ratio = Gross NPAs / Total Advances

    Why it matters

    NPA ratios are the headline health metric for banks. Rising NPAs eat capital through provisions and constrain new lending.

    Indian example

    Related terms