Profitability and Return Ratios

    EBITDA Margin

    EBITDA margin is operating profit before depreciation and amortisation as a percentage of sales. It approximates the cash profit from operations before any capital spending.

    Formula

    EBITDA Margin

    EBITDA Margin (%) = EBITDA ÷ Sales × 100

    EBITDA

    EBITDA = Operating Profit + Depreciation + Amortisation

    Benchmark: Useful for comparing capital-intensive peers; never mistake it for free cash

    Reading the number

    Depreciation is an accounting charge that spreads the cost of plant over its life. Adding it back gives a margin that is not distorted by whether a company bought its factory last year or twenty years ago. That makes EBITDA margin the standard comparison in cement, steel, telecom, hotels, and any business where the plant is the product.

    The weakness is the same as the strength. Depreciation is not a real cash cost this year, but plant does wear out and must be replaced. A business that reports a fat EBITDA margin and then spends all of it on replacement capex has no free cash flow at all.

    Indian example

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