Circuit filter

    Circuit Breaker / Filter

    Basics of Stock Market

    Max allowed price movement in a day to check excessive volatility.

    Formula

    Usually 5%, 10%, 20%

    Why it matters

    Protects investors from massive single-day swings.

    Indian example

    Related terms

    Upper CircuitLower Circuit

    Learn the concept

    Equities (NSE, BSE, IPO process) →

    From the research

    Valuation

    A Comparative Financial Analysis of Three Listed Companies

    Three IT services leaders, five years of numbers: similar growth, very different margins and returns on capital, and their October 2026 valuations.

    Markets

    IPO Issue Price vs. Listing Price vs. Subsequent Performance

    Seven of India's most talked-about IPOs since 2021, tracked from issue price to listing to October 2026. Buying on listing day lost money in six of seven.

    Valuation

    Paytm: Valuing a Company With No Clean Comparable

    Paytm is part payments processor, part device business, part loan distributor. Why no single peer fits, and how to value it in parts and in reverse.