Free, prior and informed consent (FPIC)

    ESG & Governance

    The right of communities, especially indigenous and tribal peoples, to give or withhold consent to a project that affects them, freely, before it begins and with full information.

    FPIC is part of international standards such as the IFC Performance Standards. In India, related rights come through the Forest Rights Act and the role of gram sabhas. In the Niyamgiri case of 2013, the Supreme Court left the decision on mining to village assemblies, all 12 of which said no.

    Related terms

    Social licence to operateResettlement and rehabilitation (R&R)

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