Present value

    Present Value (PV)

    Investment Planning

    The current worth of a future sum of money given a specified rate of return. It's the reverse of future value calculation.

    Formula

    PV = FV / (1 + r)^n

    Why it matters

    PV helps you understand how much you need to invest today to reach a future goal. Essential for retirement planning and loan valuations.

    Indian example

    Related terms

    Future valueNPVDiscount Rate

    Learn the concept

    Time value of money →

    From the research

    Valuation

    A Comparative Financial Analysis of Three Listed Companies

    Three IT services leaders, five years of numbers: similar growth, very different margins and returns on capital, and their October 2026 valuations.

    Markets

    IPO Issue Price vs. Listing Price vs. Subsequent Performance

    Seven of India's most talked-about IPOs since 2021, tracked from issue price to listing to October 2026. Buying on listing day lost money in six of seven.

    Valuation

    Paytm: Valuing a Company With No Clean Comparable

    Paytm is part payments processor, part device business, part loan distributor. Why no single peer fits, and how to value it in parts and in reverse.