CDP

    ESG & Governance

    A non-profit that runs a global disclosure system on climate, water and forests, and scores companies from A to D-.

    CDP began in 2000 as the Carbon Disclosure Project. Companies answer CDP questionnaires at the request of investors and large customers, and receive scores from A (leadership) to D- (disclosure), with F for companies that are asked but do not respond. CDP's climate questionnaire is aligned with IFRS S2. Many large Indian companies respond to CDP because their global customers and investors ask them to.

    Related terms

    TCFD (Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures)IFRS S2Scope 3 emissions

    Learn the concept

    From the research

    Valuation

    A Comparative Financial Analysis of Three Listed Companies

    Three IT services leaders, five years of numbers: similar growth, very different margins and returns on capital, and their October 2026 valuations.

    Markets

    IPO Issue Price vs. Listing Price vs. Subsequent Performance

    Seven of India's most talked-about IPOs since 2021, tracked from issue price to listing to October 2026. Buying on listing day lost money in six of seven.

    Valuation

    Paytm: Valuing a Company With No Clean Comparable

    Paytm is part payments processor, part device business, part loan distributor. Why no single peer fits, and how to value it in parts and in reverse.