LEAP approach

    ESG & Governance

    TNFD's four-step method for assessing nature-related issues: Locate, Evaluate, Assess and Prepare.

    Locate means finding where a company's operations and value chain touch nature, especially sensitive areas. Evaluate means identifying dependencies and impacts. Assess means judging the resulting risks and opportunities. Prepare means deciding how to respond and what to report. The ISSB's planned nature practice statement includes guidance on using LEAP alongside IFRS S1.

    Related terms

    TNFD (Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures)Nature-related riskBiodiversity risk

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    From the research

    Valuation

    A Comparative Financial Analysis of Three Listed Companies

    Three IT services leaders, five years of numbers: similar growth, very different margins and returns on capital, and their October 2026 valuations.

    Markets

    IPO Issue Price vs. Listing Price vs. Subsequent Performance

    Seven of India's most talked-about IPOs since 2021, tracked from issue price to listing to October 2026. Buying on listing day lost money in six of seven.

    Valuation

    Paytm: Valuing a Company With No Clean Comparable

    Paytm is part payments processor, part device business, part loan distributor. Why no single peer fits, and how to value it in parts and in reverse.