Say-on-pay

    ESG & Governance

    A shareholder vote on executive pay.

    In the UK and the US, shareholders vote regularly on the pay of top executives. India has no general yearly vote of this kind. Instead, shareholders must approve pay in specific cases: pay above the limits in Section 197 of the Companies Act, high pay to promoter executive directors under LODR Regulation 17(6)(e), and new ESOP schemes. These votes need special resolutions, which gives minority shareholders some influence.

    Related terms

    Key managerial personnel (KMP)ESOP (employee stock option plan)Nomination and remuneration committee (NRC)

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    From the research

    Valuation

    A Comparative Financial Analysis of Three Listed Companies

    Three IT services leaders, five years of numbers: similar growth, very different margins and returns on capital, and their October 2026 valuations.

    Markets

    IPO Issue Price vs. Listing Price vs. Subsequent Performance

    Seven of India's most talked-about IPOs since 2021, tracked from issue price to listing to October 2026. Buying on listing day lost money in six of seven.

    Valuation

    Paytm: Valuing a Company With No Clean Comparable

    Paytm is part payments processor, part device business, part loan distributor. Why no single peer fits, and how to value it in parts and in reverse.