Scope 2 emissions

    ESG & Governance

    Indirect emissions from the electricity, steam, heat or cooling a company buys.

    The emissions happen at the power plant, but they are caused by the company's energy use. Scope 2 can be reported in two ways: location-based, using the average emission factor of the local grid, and market-based, using the emission factors of the specific power the company has contracted, including renewable energy certificates. Scope 2 is a BRSR Core indicator, together with Scope 1.

    Related terms

    Location-based method (Scope 2)Market-based method (Scope 2)Renewable energy certificate (REC)Scope 1 emissions

    Learn the concept

    From the research

    Valuation

    A Comparative Financial Analysis of Three Listed Companies

    Three IT services leaders, five years of numbers: similar growth, very different margins and returns on capital, and their October 2026 valuations.

    Markets

    IPO Issue Price vs. Listing Price vs. Subsequent Performance

    Seven of India's most talked-about IPOs since 2021, tracked from issue price to listing to October 2026. Buying on listing day lost money in six of seven.

    Valuation

    Paytm: Valuing a Company With No Clean Comparable

    Paytm is part payments processor, part device business, part loan distributor. Why no single peer fits, and how to value it in parts and in reverse.