Panchamrit

    ESG & Governance

    The five climate goals India announced at COP26 in Glasgow in 2021.

    The Panchamrit ("five nectar elements") are: 500 GW of non-fossil electricity capacity by 2030; meeting 50% of energy needs from renewables by 2030; cutting projected carbon emissions by one billion tonnes by 2030; reducing the emissions intensity of GDP by 45% by 2030 from 2005 levels; and net zero by 2070. Several of these were formalised in India's updated 2022 NDC, and India's 2035 NDC builds on them.

    Related terms

    Nationally determined contribution (NDC)Net zeroEmissions intensity of GDPNon-fossil capacity

    Learn the concept

    From the research

    Valuation

    A Comparative Financial Analysis of Three Listed Companies

    Three IT services leaders, five years of numbers: similar growth, very different margins and returns on capital, and their October 2026 valuations.

    Markets

    IPO Issue Price vs. Listing Price vs. Subsequent Performance

    Seven of India's most talked-about IPOs since 2021, tracked from issue price to listing to October 2026. Buying on listing day lost money in six of seven.

    Valuation

    Paytm: Valuing a Company With No Clean Comparable

    Paytm is part payments processor, part device business, part loan distributor. Why no single peer fits, and how to value it in parts and in reverse.